Kite-Energy Glossary ... being built
since January 7, 2009.
Anyone is invited to help build an effective kite-energy glossary for
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TACO is AWEIA's official submission (via AWEIA USA Chapter, as the
party with direct US legal standing, as a Voluntary
Association of national citizens). TACO generally
concurs with AOPA's concerns (which we had early access
to). EAA is a bit stronger in questioning AWE,
and NAAA (Agricultural Aviation) is the most worried, so we
have a lot of confidence building to do. The most
negative voices were individual pilots. TACO frames AWE in terms
attractive to pilots.
TACO stands for Tethered Aviation Concept of Operations, as commodity
energy production is not at all our only application for
tethered flight, but just the top area of interest,
tacking wings
(notice the tacking sails in boat sailing. Notice Dave
Santos'
FlipWing (TM) that tacks one way and in long stroke tacks
another
way. See AWES
Message ) Also found: tackingwing, tackingwings
Vertical tacking wings
Horizontal tacking wings
Diangonal or oblique tacking wings
Kite-lifted tacking wings
Tacking wings constrained to tethers or cables or
rails
TALA
tethered aerodynamically lifting anemometer
(TALA)
A low level wind measurement technique for wind
turbine generator siting
Baker, R. W.; Whitney, R. L.; Hewson, E. W.
Wind Engineering, vol. 3, no. 2, 1979, p. 107-114. Research sponsored
by the Bonneville Power Administration
work kite, work kite
system Kite
systems designed to do a certain work or task
task-specific kite, task-specific kite
system Kite
system designed to the task in mind may enabled task fulfillment better
than if the system was not designed with the task considered.
Want something done? Could some kite system help
get that something done?
job-fulfillment kite systems
AWES are either kite systems performing tasks or
aircraft that have WECS onboard.
Focus on tasking kite systems is part of the
essence of K3.
Fit the kite system to the specified task.
Fit the kite system to do the job well.
TAVP
tethered aerial vehicle platform
taut
[see the comparative: tauter]
taut cable
taut cables
tauter, comparative of adjective "taut"
TAWECS tethered
airfoil wind energy conversion
system 1979
patentTAWECS
taxi
AWES taxi, kite system taxi, kite taxi, take AWES wing to
upper airs and then release. The taxi aircraft returns to base for next
duty. In
AWES7467 BobS recommends helicopter drones for AWES
taxi service.
taxi
method Ref1
Method may be scaled to save on coal and oil in various industries
beyond kitefishing.
Tennessee
Valley Authority
(TVA) ... giant electricity
provider
[Ed: How fast will AWE occupy some of the TVA land assets and water
assets? See their Green
Switch that mostly looks to HAWT in solutions; AWE
is hardly even recognized.]
Tensairity Kite
Photos
Image There is occurring some
inaccurate use of the term mechanically. Some LEI kites are not
employing the tensairity principle while some people are still applying
the term "tensarity kite" to the device;. [[Ed: The ancient
tech of splinting a beam is being coined as "tensairity" where a beam
of any sort is splinted via tensed cable nets.]]
Test image is at source HERE.
Twings, tensairity wings, tensegrity wings, tensed wings,
The Probable African Genesis of the Kite The
ancient origins of kites are mysterious. Some myths are absurd. One
Chinese account credits the kite on to a member of the emperor's court
who supposedly labored two years on a wooden hawk kite. More likely the
far older SE Asian kite was the functional model for an imperial party
favor that started an enduring popular craze.
A completely separate Chinese version credits a peasant who noticed his
conical hat flying off a fence by its tether. This is quite plausible.
Spontaneous kite physics in common objects happens quite often.
Some kite historians propose the Egyptians had kites. They point to
kite-like objects common in old carvings. Similar images have been
found on ancient Greek & other artifacts. Rigorous analysis of
a wooden glider toy from Tut's tomb reveals well developed aerodynamic
knowledge.
A recent commotion in archeology is called the "String Revolution".
Rare survivals of Paleolithic textiles, analysis of clay imprints,
spinning tools, fishing gear, & the like, paint a vivid picture
of highly developed string & fabric technology so far dated to
about 40,000 BCE. It was probably quite early that these materials, as
used for tents, sails, banners, & many other devices, suggested
the kite. Its probable that the kite principle was easily lost to small
scattered populations.
The string revolution almost certainly began in Africa. Since the kite
principle emerges naturally from experience with string &
fabric, then the first kite is likely one more case of African Genesis.
Similarly, paper & parchment seem to be African inventions
& would have served well for kites. Saharan nomads no doubt had
kite-like experiences with tents in wind There are elegant Tunisian
paper kites that have no known colonial prototype. The West Indies have
a complex kite culture among its African peoples based on a three stick
kite able to negotiate high wind beyond all other world traditions.
African Kite Genesis Theory predicts that evidence will increasingly
emerge to support the idea & that modern Africans will show a
strong affinity & genius for a renaissance of kite cultures,
including the emerging field of Airborne Wind Energy
(AWE).
Dave Santos, Oct. 5, 2009
terrain enabled
wind power.
TEWP has hard-fix systems as well as tethered-set
systems. M344
Also: terrain enabled wind power. Usually two points of
terrain are tension coupled by cables holding turbines. Two
points across a valley or gorge are potential sites; the strongest wind
is often at the central upper portion of the valley.
AWES7525
terrestrial
turbine Turbines that hug the ground or use towers to hold
the turbine without flying a kite or kytoon at high
altitudes. Note: Some terrestrial turbines use
close-coupled kites, like a conventional windmill with kites of short
line as the substitute for blades.
holding, connecting, guiding and/or power
transmitting line leading from the body to the ground level
structure
A kite is made of parts; one of the parts of a
kite is the tether or tether set. A kite may have more than one tether.
The other parts of a kite include the wing and the body at the other
end of the tether set that cooperates to establish tension in the
tether; the two parts that terminate the tether or tether set involve
at least one wing (abbreviated as "kite" in much of the literature
while an assumption of tether and mooring); the other end of the tether
may be a moving or fixed mooring which mooring may be indeed another
wing or hydrofoil or vehicle or kite pilot, etc. A kite might
be in free-flight (all parts moving in a stream) or fixed with a fixed
mooring.
the tether as an energetic equivalent to an aircraft
engine
AWES5109
TetheredFlight.com
(pending entry to AWE, but now held for general purposes by someone)
tethered-flight
technology TFT
tethered flight
vehicle can come in powered
and unpowered versions or a mix of power. Kite systems are a subset of
tethered flight vehicles. Tethering a powered single-place
manned aircraft would also exhibit a tethered flight
vehicle. Dave North of NASA likes to refer to kites
as "tethered flight vehicles."
M4037 Wayne German promotes "tethered
flight" and kite energy.
tethered flying electric
generator TFEG
tethered foil
tethered hang glider
"tethered kites"
This may refer to kite systems branching off a
main tether
This may refer to the more accurate "tethered
wing" which is a kite. In such instance the redundancy is not
needed and occurs probably because an author has a narrow view of
"kite". A kite is already a system where a tether is an
essential part.
tethered horizontal axis wind turbines THAWT
Tethered Rotor-Blade Lifting
Vehicles by
Dave Lang, 2010.
tethered tensile wings
tethered tension field wind
turbine W. Roeseler
"Billy"
An old tethered turbine
from the eighties, crushed in storage, Shawn is mistaken about the
difficulty of small cheap reliable turbines. Blades are fom a beer can.
Brooks saw many of these fly in public. They made music & lit
LEDs. No failures.
tethered underwater current turbine energy generator
tethered vertical axis wind turbines TVAWT
tethered wind energy
converter
TWEC
tethered wind systems, tethered wind power
systems
Note: No space in the string
"TetheredWings"
... trademark of Wayne German
Soaren Federal Credit
Union, trademark of
Wayne German
Tethered Wingborne Electric Generator
| TWEG | Tony Asplet
| Hulpro Engineering |
Australian application for provisional patent
| Note: In their application for a
patent, they also split the word Wingborne to Wing
Borne.
[ ] We await their preferences. The legal agent seems to
prefer the compound word. | agent for legal Shelston IP, 60 Margaret
Street, SYDNEY NSW 2000 |
tether elevation
angle (TEA)
This has meaning at stations along the tether, as the angle to the
horizon varies at each station.
The TEA near an anchor is frequently noted.
The TEA very near a wing in the kite system is
another popular TEA.
Often noted as "tether angle" or "line angle" or
"kite line angle" with an assumption of the angle measured from level
ground up to the line.
tether frequency
tether hook
tethering
tethering chain
tethering line
tether
mast InvolvedHere
And see KiteGen stem also. Also: fishing pole control of
kites. And kites at the end of string to a stick; the stick is a
mast. Flagpoles are related here.
tethister August 2009:
"The latest "tethister"
tri-tether works well with trees. You simply anchor a line off from the
top of the tree a & tap the center of it to a spragged
generator. A tree is a dissipative aero/mass dampener array, not very
efficient for extracting power, so only small devices are really
practical DaveS"
think of a tetrahedron with its base on the ground; the sides of the
tetrahedron are tethers to a kited apex; in the central region of the
base is a working electric or pumping generator.
classic article; go to page 219 of the issue to
start the article:
TEWP
terrain enabled wind power. TEWP has
hard-fix systems as well as tethered-set systems. M344
Also: terrain enabled wind power. Usually two points of
terrain are tension coupled by cables holding turbines. Two
points across a valley or gorge are potential sites; the strongest wind
is often at the central upper portion of the valley.
TFR, TFRs What are
TFRs?
A Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) is a type of
Notices to Airmen (NOTAM). A TFR defines an area restricted to air
travel due to a hazardous condition, a special event, or a general
warning for the entire FAA airspace. The text of the actual TFR
contains the fine points of the
restriction. TFRs
Sloughing thermal Diagramhttp://www.cometclones.com/IMG00003.GIF
Comment by Rick Masters: May 17, 2012
In 1986, I conducted extensive flight testing in California's Owens
Valley. Flying a hang glider equipped with the first prototypes of Alan
Fisher's Thermal Snooper, I was able to map the microdynamic
characteristics of thermals for the first time. In addition to the
classical view of the thermal established by sailplane pilots, the slow
flying speed of the hang glider and the sensitive response of the
thermistors on the Thermal Snooper provided a greater insight, which
led to the concept of the "Sloughing Thermal." The Sloughing Thermal
differed from the classical model in that rotating patches of air were
constantly breaking off of the thermal as it rose, creating random
zones of sometimes severe turbulence in the neighborhood of the rising
air. Because strong thermals exist in concert with these rotating
patches of air, sudden, short-lived downdrafts are common in the
vicinity of thermals. Flying through this kind of turbulence on a hang
glider, which prevents sail deformation by means of a structural
airframe, can usually be done safely by an experienced pilot.
Paragliders, however, have no structural protection against sail
deformation. It remains a mystery to me why anyone would seek out this
dangerous form of collapse-inducing turbulence on a paraglider when
much safer alternatives of aircraft are abundantly available. Perhaps
this can be explained by a seemingly widespread inability among
paraglider pilots to understand the ramifications of the Sloughing
Thermal, the primary trigger of paragliding fatalities.
thermocouple wiki
What will be some roles in AWES for thermocouples?
thru cording, through
cording DS kite
surfaces coupled by lines from one surface to another. Recall the
Goodyear inflatable plane with thousands of through-strands keeping the
airfoil shape of the wings. Through cording is used
in some very large kites instead of cloth ribs. See WLK for
link to Peter Lynn Kites, Ltd. large ray kites with thru cording.
Advanced concepts include real-time
control of the lengths of through cords to alter the airfoil during
flight.
vertical thru-cords
diagonal thru-cords
v
v
thrust
on-demand thrust
that which opposes drag; gliders derive thrust
from gravity reacting with the glider's mass; powered aircraft may add
thrust by use of a motor or engine or rocket
reaction.
Consider a "glider" in zero-gravity space; such
results in no gliding; hence no "glider."
One frequent categorization:
Drag wind turbines have TSR less than unity. This ratio is always less
than one for drag-based turbine. TSR =
TS/WS Consider ambient wind versus relative
wind. If TSR is greater than unity, then the turbine is a
lift-based turbine. Wiki.
Art2
Caution statement:
Consider "optimal tip speed ratio"
to complete one's analysis.
v
v
v
v
tip tethering
tip wand
TIR
TIR stands for "Transports Internationaux
Routiers" wiki
torsion
cable There
is a working file concerning the niche uses and potentials of mining
the energies of a rotating tether, the twisting and
untwisting of a tether. Article.
We invite more discussion on topic.
torsion shaft
torsion-spring motor
torsion
tube
Comment: "Note- a drive-shaft/torsion-tube is
a high-compression structure that presses
hard on its core under load. Most of the weight is solely to fight this
compression, either by a solid core, or by
a rigid tube section. Buckling failure is more likely
given the vagaries of service, but a torsion-tube can actually implode
under load. 13Oct2010 ds"
torus involves the Faust "cavexity" in spheroid
alterations
donut
three circles: sky inner or minor, sky
exterior or major, cross-section. Generation
methods are several; one is the rotation of a circle about a point.
towed
devices
Devices pulled along through soil, air, gas, water, plasma. The tension
in the connecting devices pulls a set of things.
Puller set, tension system, pulled set. Each aspect interacts
with its environment.
towed noise-maker
towed decoys
towed surveillance pods
towed wings
towed controllable wings
v
v
v
tower
towered wind turbines
tower shadow
tower's coefficient of drag
(shape-dependent)
towerless wind energy
tower "lift" HAWT blades to the sky; towers have
their drag and consequential disturbance of the air stream that affect
what may be mined downwind of the tower.
toy-scale AWE Other sectors of AWE scale:
utility-scale AWE, commercial-scale AWE, residential-scale AWE,
nomadic-scale AWE, sport-scale AWE, toy-scale AWE, miniature-scale AWE,
or micro-scale AWE
TP
turning point, task point,
TPG is an abbreviation for Taylor
Paper-Glass. Article1
TPU
Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)
Film
AWES5684 and following.
bladders
track
tracking
traction
traction kite
traction kite energy system TKES
dynamically flying towing kites
v
v
traction
phase versus passive
phase. Power phase versus cost
phase. Production phase and cost
phase. Energy-gain phase and energy-loss
phase. Yo-yo method. Etc.
transducer A
transducer is a device that converts one type of energy to
another. Wiki
Hence in the broad family of transducers, AWECS may be seen to be a
subset of the superset transducers. A kite is a transducer.
transverse batten
Let nose to tail be flow direction; let normal to that line be
transverse. Battens set in sail at somewhat normal to the flow
direction are transverse battens.
traverse to the
wind, traverse to the ambient wind, approximately traverse to the wind,
trawling
See trolling also for extensive rigging methods useful in AWE.
TRC
tethered
rotorcraft
tree
and some other plants
may be seen as natural kite moorings and kites themselves. Tree as
kite? The roots and trunk form the mooring of the kite; the leaf is the
wind-sail body that is tethered by the leaf stem; the branches are
harder parts of the extended tether that meet in the trunk or
very-hardened heavier tether. As the wind blows, the set of L/D sail
bodies...the leaves... some of the wind's energy is converted to lift
and drag that causes mechanical tension to the leaf tether-stem. Having
a kite as a set of parts: mooring, tether, and wind L/D element....we
have trees as kites. Others have found many leaves as kites;
but here one may reach trees as kites.
A tree is a kite. Trees are kites. Fall's fallen
leaves briefly waft in their falls; the stem barely drags a bit, but
not enough to dynamically soar very far; decay is the common end of the
leaf kite, unless treasured soon enough by a human artist for remaking
into a new kite life. There are a wide variety of trees (tree
kites) with a variety of leaf flying
parts. ~~JoeF See
Timeline.
tree generator, TreeGen,
TreeGenerator Wind wafted tree leaves and trunks are used to
generate pumping and electricity. Leaves as kites ... Capture the
movement of the tree trunk to generate useful energy.
(cousins to launching rails, launching ramps,
launching platforms, ...)
v
triangle
triangle load patch
triangle control
frame, A-frame (in hang gliding in at least 1908, as is
common today)
triangle kite
triangle control frame
TCF
A-frame |
U-frame |
V-frame |
Queenposting | Breslau
1908 | others before
1910 |
truss | public domain
mechanical art | Batut rig with
single-point hang and TCF |
Prentice 1960 | Spratt
| Grade | Santos
Dumont | FLIGHT early
issue | obvious by
those skilled in the arts | untenable
silly invention claim by GH for JD and then he began to believe the
untenable resulting in hurting tilt to hang glider invention culture.
See all spider web dynamics including captured
leaves wafting in the wind. See how spiders stabilize their aerial
position and sometimes actually kite in the wind. See also how some
spiders deliberately vibrate their bodies (the wing of an AWES) to
shake all their tethers and blur their own position in a defensive
reaction.
Wright Brothers two-tether control kite. The two
human operators had option to walk or run the mooring; the dynamics of
the wing also sent forces to move the operators' arms and bodies.
Where a topic description
refers to a TRL, the following definitions apply, unless otherwise
specified:
TRL 1 – basic principles observed
TRL 2 – technology concept formulated
TRL 3 – experimental proof of concept
TRL 4 – technology validated in lab
TRL 5 – technology validated in relevant environment (industrially
relevant
environment in the case of key enabling technologies)
TRL 6 – technology demonstrated in relevant environment (industrially
relevant
environment in the case of key enabling technologies)
TRL 7 – system prototype demonstration in operational environment
TRL 8 – system complete and qualified
TRL 9 – actual system proven in operational environment (competitive
manufacturing in the case of key enabling technologies; or in space)
trolling
"tuna/salmon multi-line trolling & shrimp trawling &
logging cableways" ~Dave Santos ...as source of rigging arts for kite
system benefits
When one sees the analogical parallels between fetching energy from the
sky with AWE with the rich and deep technologies involved in trolling
and trawling in the waters of the world, then crossover technology may
be mined. Some links for this
processing: See also fishing
rigging and trawling.
