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Kite-Energy Glossary
... being built since January 7, 2009.

Anyone is invited to help build an effective kite energy glossary for all.  Send to News@energykitesystems.net

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z             Other glossaries of interest

  • R2G   race-to-goal event or task
  • R&D     research and development.  Ref.    | The Basket Investment could be offered to large players. | 
  • race kite, racing kites, racing kite      course racing kites, race kiting.   Kites designed for speed traction activities over land, water, snow, ice, roads, rails ... are race kites.     
     
  • RAD    rapid airborne development, Rapid AWE Development, Rapid AWECS Development, rapid AWES development
  • radar      AWESfile
  • radar-absorbent material          wiki
  • radar reflective
  • radio
  • radio control
  • radio frequency energy
  • radio-link failure
  • radio signal
  • radiosonde     wiki
  • radius
  • radius tether     and power tether   Discussion in 2003 by Kiteguy of Newburg, Oregon: Wayne German
  • rag
    • WingMill
    • hang gliders that feature sails as opposed to rigid-wing hang gliders
    •  
  • RAID    Rapid Aerostat Initial Deployment     by Ratheon
  • rail
  • railgun         Will electromagnetic railguns ever be used to launch AWES components?      Art1 
  • rail tether         
  • rain
     
  • rain and kite systems
    • Consider hydrophobic materials and surface treatments for all parts of a kite system
    • Consider on Jalbert-parafoil evolutes: drain holes
    • "Come in out the rain, my son!"  Some rain events are also lightning events. Electrical grounding tethers and other safety measures are to be addressed.
    • Hydrophobe
    • Related: icing, dew wetting, mildew, rot, weight change of the wing set, weight change of the tether set
    • Notice that some kite systems have a niche purpose of collecting water from the atmosphere. 
    • Some kite systems have a niche purpose of cooling drinking water.
    • Visibility is to be carefully considered. Is the kite system relating with other aircraft appropriately? Are airspace rules being followed during rain occurrence? Put safety first.
    • Capillary action may place water into places that may cause damage to the kite-system parts. Consider this in designing a kite system.  Consider that water drawn into tight places might become frozen; the freezing of water is an expanding scene; the expansion may crack and break parts.
    • Wing covers that absorb water or even stay wet will change aerodynamic performance. Do you want the change or not?
    • Many sport and hobby soft kites already have simple sand/water drains in the trailing-edge. Another helpful feature is a reduced frontal intake area (often with flap valves). A good example of all these features in a popular trainer kite is the HQ Hydra line. Parafoils, with so many cells, and the presumption of fair-weather use, have not required this capability. This point is a TACO omission, so it will be added in future versions. The obvious conclusion is that such drains be a design-default in safety-critical parafoil AWES, and perhaps be mandated in FARs.

      An intuitive parafoil drain design is to vent across all cells at the TE, as well as provide multiple small drains from wingtip to wingtip. Even hollow rigid wings need careful rain and condensation drain design, but single-skin concepts like Mothratech avoid the whole issue. Its well known that modern kites fly with only slightly reduced performance in rain (KiteLab Ilwaco flies single-skin experiments in rain routinely and Enerkite has reported parafoil AWES rain operation).

      Lets not forget rain collection as a niche in our giant-kite design toolkit, with elaborate networks of gutters, drains, hoses, and tanks possible. Many hot deserts have considerable rainfall aloft that normally evaporates well above the surface, but in reach of kites. We also recall the ancient Polynesian kite magic of flying sponges into clouds to harvest fresh water
      . ~Dave Santos
    • v
    • v
       
  • rain-shadow effect of AWES, especially of very large AWES farms       WaterAndAWES
  • rain sustainability
  • ram-air
  • ram-air kites
  • ram-air inflation
  • rapid airborne development
  • Raptors
  • rata    http://2e5.com/kite/rata/
  • rate
  • rated
  • rated power for an AWES


  • ram air kite
  • ram air parachute
  • ram air parafoil
  • ram air spar
  • ram air turbine
  • ratchet
  • ratchet drive       See also: two-directional ratchet drive, internal ratchet mechanism, reversible ratchet, toothless ratchet, silent ratchet,
  • ratchet engine    Ref1    Ref2   Ref3 
  • ratchet wheel
  • rate-adjustable spring
  • rate of change of some parameter
  • rate of wind-speed changing
  • RC   radio controlled
  • RCS  
    • Radar cross-section      wiki       of rotors, aircraft, pendulum, etc.  Radar cross section (RCS) is a measure of how detectable an object is with a radar. A larger RCS indicates that an object is more easily detected.
    • The Micro-Doppler Effect in Radar  By Victor Chen 
    • rotor coordinate system
    • v
    • v
  • RDWT     Rim-drive wind turbine 
  • real air                 Wind tunnel air is artificial; real air has turbulence from very many sources.
  • re-ascent      Kite comes goes up again after landing.
  • rebound
  • REC, RECs     renewable energy certificates (REC)     
  • RE<C    Renewable energy less than coal. An initiative by Google.
  • receiving station
  • reciprocate
  • reciprocation
  • reciprocating
  • reciprocating AWE, reciprocatingAWE, cyclicAWE,     M382
  • reciprocating tethered airfoils      (kites)   Wayne German
  • recompression
  • recovering kite
  • recovery procedure
  • recreationalAWE, recreationalAWECS, recreational AWE, recreational AWECS,
  • Rectenna  (wiki)  (rectifying antenna)
  • rectifier
  • recurrency training         See also ADM.
     
  • recycle
    • recycle kites (see also trash kites, scrap kites)
    • recycle kite wings
    • recycle kite-system tethers     Art1
    • recycle kite anchor system parts
    • Use kite systems to clean, fetch, and place found goods for reuse, second use, recycling.

    •  
  • Red Devils  http://www.red-devils-fft.com/
  • Red Kite Wind Energy 
    Allister Furey
  • redeployed
  • redeploying
  • redeployment
  •  
  • Text not available
     
  • reefing            reefing the sail     Reefing is the art and practice of reducing sail area.
      
  • reel      The ground-based generator may double-serve as motor for winching airborne wings.
  • reel cycle
  • reeled in
  • reeled out
     
  • "KiteLab has publicly demoed numerous prototypes
    pumping the line to levers/cranks in short strokes,
    without reeling."  AWE4656
     

  • reel-gen, reelgen, reelGen,
  • reel-gen based AWE
  • reeling groundgens, Yo-Yo method 
  • reel-in methods       For one, see also "yo-yo method" for a family of AWES.
  • reel-in methods during cost (or reset phase ) phase; or "I use "recovery" phase, after piston cycle usage. ~ds  AWES5942 "     What are the various strategies?
    • Porosity change of wings in wing set
    • AoA change of wings in wing set
    • Fly side-slip
    • Over-the-top fly and work wings in down leg. Perhaps have lifter system at top.
    • DS mentioned "eight" ways being explored by KiteGen.  [ ]
    • Twin or double system: One is pulled in by the power-out system; the in system wing set is morphed for low tension.
    • v
  • reel-in motors, if used.
  • ReelIn
  • reeling
  • reeling out
  • reeling physics
  • reel out 
  • reel-out-in scheme
  • ReelOut
  • ReelOutCommand
  • ReelOutLength    
  • reel-out                    "hauling in or letting out"
  • reel-in speed
  • reel-out speed
  • reel physics
  • reels
     
  • reel systems   (reel-in and reel-out AWES that have production phase and return cost phase)    Compare and contrast with "Short stroke reeling with chafing gear". Compare and contrast also with lever/crank systems.
    AWES5315
  •  
  • REF      for the U.S. Army
    What is the Rapid Equipping Force?  The mission of the Rapid Equipping Force (REF) is to equip operational commanders with commercial-off-the-shelf and government-off-the-shelf solutions to increase effectiveness and reduce risk, insert future force technologies and surrogates to validate concepts and speed capabilities to the Soldiers and assess Army business practices, desired capabilities, and acquisition techniques to effect institutional Army change. The REF serves as a solutions catalyst, canvassing the military, industry, academia, and the science community for existing and emerging technologies.
    [AWE community may approach the REF with solutions.]

  •  
  • reference flygen
  • reference AWECS 
  • reflect
  • reflection
  • reflective kite
  • reflex
  • reflex action
  • regen
  • regenerative braking
  • regenerative force actuators
  •  
  • regenerative soaring  http://www.createthefuturecontest.com/uploads/NTB/1565/Regenerative_Soaring.pdf
    • Taras Kiceniuk
    • Paul MacCready
    • Gary Osoba
    • Dale C. Kramer
    •  
  • reinforce
  • reinforcing bands
  • relaunch        See also launch
    • autonomous relaunch
    • inherent (cycling) stability      AWES6747
    • piloted relaunching
    • chicken feet
    • passive relaunching
    • AWES6745    arch kite  validates relaunching
    • many classic kite types reliably self-launch and self-land passively
    • v
    • v
       
  • relaxed stability           wiki  


 

  • relief valve, pressure-limiting relief valve
  • release step followed by traction step    |    cost phase followed by power phase  
  •  
  • reluctance (magnetic)    |  wiki   |      |
  • remiges (singular: remex)         wiki
  • remoteAWE
  • remote control
  • remote-controlled morphing
  • remote-controlled shaped wing
  • remote operated  vehicle  ROV
  • REn      renewable energy
  • renewable energy
  • renewable energy brokers
  • renewable energy resellers    The extant and growing set of brokers may carry AWECS along with their other carried products.
  • renewable energy retailers
     
  • Renewistan This is the high altitude wind space where AWECS live and work.  Coining term: Saul Griffith of Makani Power, Inc.
  • reopen
  • reopenings         After closings or collapses or cravats may follow a reopening of a wing's shape.
  • REP   remote elevated platform        CaldwellAndMayer 
     
  • rescue parachute, rescue chute
  • reserve
  • reserve ride            The ride down in one's reserve parachute is a reserve ride.
  • reserved parachute
     
  • residential-scale AWE
    Other sectors of AWE scale: utility-scale AWE, commercial-scale AWE, residential-scale AWE, nomadic-scale AWE, sport-scale AWE, toy-scale AWE, miniature-scale AWE, or micro-scale AWE
     
  • resistance
  • resonance                    wiki
  • Resonance failure
  • resonance technology
  • resonant frequency
  • resonant technology
  • resonant vibrations
  • resonant wave motion
  • resonate frequency
  • restricted airspace
  • retract, retracts, retract phase
    • retractable landing gear
    • v
    • retraction
    • retract phase                  In reel-in-and-out AWES method (yo-yo): the costing reeling-in portion of operations.
    • retract the kite
    • Consider "no-retract" AWES       AirborneWindEnergy/message/9877
    • opposite of power phase
    •  
  • retrieve
  • retrieval mode
  • revenue generating system    |    revenue generating KES system  |  revenue generating AWECS  |
  • reverse
  •  
  • reversed pumping       presentation2010       Paper
  • reversed effective force      See" d'Alembert's principle
  • reverse pumping
  • reversible ratchet
  • revolable
  • revolute joint     wiki/Revolute_joint
  • Revolution            Power Blast          
  • Revolution kites       Joseph Hadzicki  and David Hadzicki
  • revolve
  • revolving
  • revolving apparatus
  • Reynolds number     wiki             Symbol:  Re   
  • request for grant proposal
  • rewind, rewinding, rewinding phase, rewind path, rewind section, rewind run, rewinding run, rewind phase,
  • RFP Request For Proposal
  • rheology  
  • ribbon
  • rib
  • ribs
    • Ribs can even act as part of a turbulation mechanism to maintain attached flow in turbulent conditions. One sees ribbed wings everywhere in nature, from insects to birds and bats and fish fins. Its wonderful to see how stone-age aerodynamicists figured out how to use *transverse* ribs as turbulators on items like throwing sticks, enhancing performance. Modern toys like Frisbees and Aerobies rely on ribs in just this way. Ribs is therefore just a tool in our wing-design toolkit.
    • rib materials
    • rib testing
    • types of ribs
    • rib aerodynamics
    • v
  • RIB  rigid inflatable boat    http://www.ribcraftusa.com/
     
  • ribbon kite    rotating ribbon kite, ribbon arch kite
  • ribbon microphone
  • ribbon rotor         W. Roeseler    Ribbon rotors
  • ribbon-piezoelectric crystal
  • ribbons
  • ribbon wings
  • ribbon arch kite (rotary ribbon)
  • ribs
  • Ricketts         Marc Ricketts
  • rig
  • riggers
  • riggers' bling     (very nice hardware for rigging solutions)
  • rigging    ... toward similarity cases to inform kite energy systems    
  • rigid
    • Tethered wings used to perform tertiary works may involve rigid structures at any AWE scale. Also, playing may be fully-limp wings. Sticks, carbon whiskers, gears, rotor blades of high stiffness, positive-inflated airbeams for rigidiizing, ram-air air cells for rigidizing, rigid wings, etc. are part of the kite-system construction space that holds AWE solutions. Rigid parts used in line systems are part of the AWE effort. Generators and pumps and anchors that are integral parts of tethered and untethered AWE systems often have rigid parts. The mix and balance of parts (regardless of the degree of rigidity) of a particular AWES at any scale challenges designers. A wide variety of options are being explored. The AWE movement is barely knocking at the doors of comparative testing of any two systems at any scale by neutral third parties. ~ JoeF     7Apr2014
    • v
    • v
       
  • rigid-body system
  • Rigifoil, RigifoilMax, Rigifoil Max    Ref1    |   Image    | Patent       |   Manual
    rigifoilmaterials
     
  • rigifoilmaterials, rigifoil materials
  • Rim-drive wind turbine   RDWT
     
  • Ring Train Generator    M434  
  • ring wings    See our entry for annular wings       | Classification comment |
  • ripstop textiles, line loadpath network methods,    wiki
     


 

  •  
  • risky schemes
  • rivers
  • rixel   (suggested term by Selsam) for a type of kixel that is a rotating mill blade.  One might see that Roberts might use the term "rixel" someday, as note the wrestling in his patent application:
  • RMS  root mean square        wiki
  • Robert Ingraham, Bob Ingraham, founder of AKA.      b. and d.    Kite Tales.  Oct. 1964 founding AKA with 9 members: For the record, the first members were : Benn Blinn ; George M . Endicott ; Robert M. Ingraham (Founder) ; F . C . Jewell, M .D . ; Francis M . Rogallo ; Walter Scott; F Rankin Weisgerber; Will Yolen ; and Anthony Zeigler
  • Robins      Benjamin Robins.
  • Robins-Magnus effect
  • Robins effect
  • RoboKite by Baptiste Labat
  • robots, robot
  • robot pilot
  • rock
  • rocker
  • rocket
  • rocket launch of kite system    AWES5277
  • rocket launch line grabber
  • rocking
  • rocking arm                See also: WPI rocking boom
  • rocking balanced beam
  • rocking boom
  • ROI     R.O.I.   return on investment
  • rockoon     wiki
  • rod
    • Rods used in assisting kite retrieval
    • "rod" as a slang for a hang glider
    •  
  • roddyIP      Roderick Read, Rod Read,  
  • Rogallo, a term used for various objects and crafts
  • Rogallo Wing (limp: Rogallo parawing). When Rogallo Wing is stiffened: Rogallo paraglider (core founding format for the 1960s-1975 kite hang gliders (to be distinguished from term "paraglider" that has come to mean limp governable gliding-soarable-roled parachutes). Francis Rogallo was the first to teach fully-limp wind-inflated kite wing of single surface (and he included inflatable members, but easily not to the sophisticated level that was taught by Domina Jalbert in the parafoil limp airfoil kite).    http://RogalloHangGliders.com    
  • rogue wind helicity
  • Rokkaku



 

  • rotating tether    CAUTION: A tether might rotate about its longitudinal axis or about some point on the tether as a hand of a handheld compass.
    • Discuss  the following from http://spacetethers.com/badrep.html    (bold is added) [[Caution: the rotation is of the entire tether as a hand of a handheld compass]]]
      • "The reliability of elevator climber is a problem. I doubt that any car I have owned has ever gone 22,000 miles without needed some repair, and I am mostly going on flat ground. To go straight up for 22,000 miles without having to have a mechanic fix something is really high reliability for a wheeled vehicle. So this will be a high priced vehicle since high reliability takes high priced engineering and high priced materials. A rotating tether does not need a climber.

      • A rotating tether is practical with with existing materials and technology. It needs much less mass and so it is cheaper to build and launch. A rotating tether can also lift payloads much faster (like 10 minutes) and more often. Using cheap existing ropes, less mass in space to get started, and more frequent payloads, makes them far more financially interesting."

      rotovator  | space tether  |  intro to space tethers |
       

    •  

 



  • rucksack
  • rudder
  • rugged technology
  • run
  • running
  • run out             
    • Let the kite's wing pull out line fast.   "The idea was to run out about a mile of wire ..."
    • Also:  A human assistant could take kite line and run out with the line to a distant point for attaching a kite's wing for a launch.
    • Also:  A kite operation could run out of line for any further extending of the wing set's position.  out :: depleted
  • running gear
  • running rigging
  • runaway kites, runaway tandems, escaping kites, breakaway kites, fugitive kites.   Unless intended in very specific conditions, prevent runaway kite systems by various means.
     Incident in 1896.
  • RW    
    • run winging     Run with a wing.       Wing running.     
    • In skydiving: relative work. Relative Work. Skydivers in freefall flying relative to each other. (Relative Work) Now known as Formation Skydiving. Skydivers in freefall link up to create formations.
    •  
  • RWT    ram-water turbine    (analogue to RAT).     RWTs     plural.
     

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